An Overview of Costa Rica essays

An Overview of Costa Rica essays A chain of rugged mountains divides Costa Rica, which is an extended part of the Andes-Sierra Madre chain. Costa Rica is in Central America and is surrounded by Nicaragua to the North and Panama to the south. Costa Rica is approximately 19,730 square miles, which is slightly smaller than the state of West Virginia. Bordering the country to the east is the Caribbean Sea, and to the west is the Pacific Ocean. Costa Rica's total coastline distance is 1,290 km. The highest point is Mt. Chirripo, which stands at 3,797 meters high. Costa Rica is included in the Pacific "Ring of Fire" with seven out of forty-two active volcanoes on the chain. The population of Costa Rica is something around 3,534,174, which was taken in July of 1998. The country is marked with a 2.4% population growth rate, which increases annually. 96% of the Costa Rican natives are Caucasian (including mestizos), 2% are African American, 1% are Chinese, and 1% are Indian. Over 90% of the people in Costa Rica believe the faith of the Roman Catholic Church. The official language is Spanish, but English is spoken in parts around Puerto Limon. Costa Rica has a 95% literacy rate, which is from both males and females over the age of fifteen that can read and write. San Jose is not only the capital of Costa Rica; it is also the country's largest city with a population of 300,000. Most of the economic, political, and social events of the country take place in the capital of San Jose. In colonial times, the main industry was tobacco growing and processing. By the mid-1800s, the city (along with the entire country) became a coffee producing area. San Jose was founded around 1738 some two hundred years after Spain's Westward expansion for Cartago. San Jose gained independence from Spain in 1821. It later went on to become the country's political base, and in 1823 it became the country's capital. San Jose is a modern city with parks and fine buildings open to the public. The cap...

Towards a Caribbean Community Essays

Towards a Caribbean Community Essays Towards a Caribbean Community Essay Towards a Caribbean Community Essay Essay Topic: Claude Mckay Poems The following family narratives reflect a long history of movements that began in the post-emancipation period, when families sought to secure viable, socially accepted, and culturally valued livelihoods, providing respect in the communities with which they identified. The following analysis of these different Caribbean family legacies elucidates how the give meaning and purpose to individual family members migratory moves, the lives that they had lived in different parts of the world and their Caribbean place of origin as a site of belonging. Finally, this paper explore the significance of this Caribbean past to later generations of family members who are born and reared in various migration destinations abroad. This is thus an ethnography of mobility, interrelations, and ties place from the point of view of individual who negotiate a variety of sociocultural frameworks that influence their notions of belonging and identity. The Caribbean offers a particular interesting context within which to study migration, because the area, as noted, is entirely the product of massive population movements due to its particular geopolitical past. The archipelago was settled first by several Indian groups from North America and South America who lived by fishing and horticulture. This population was virtually eradicated within fifty years of Columbuss discovery of the islands in 1942. When during the sixteenth century European colonizers developed a plantation system in the Caribbean, producing especially sugar for the world market, they began to import labor power to replace the Indians, first indentured laborers from Europe, then slaves from Africa, and finally, contract laborers from Asia, especially India. By the end of the nineteenth century, when large-scale migration to the Caribbean had ceases, several hundred thousand Europeans, approximately 3 million Africans, and more than half a million Asians had arrived in the Caribbean (Claude, 3). The abolition of slavery in the British colonies in 1834 (effectuated in 1838) set in motion massive population movements within the Caribbean, as many of those who had been left the plantations to settle as small farmers in free villages in the rural areas or to look for work in urban areas. Others moved farther afield for better economic opportunities, first within the Caribbean basin, then to South America and North America. This migration continued throughout the twentieth century and was finally extended to include Europe (Louise, 2). During the last half of the twentieth century alone, more than 2 million people left the Caribbean for Europe and North America. The long post-emancipation history of population movements for better social and economic opportunities has led some scholars to describe the Caribbean as characterized by a migration tradition or a migration culture (Louise, 1). Indeed, the Jamaican anthropologist Charles Carnegie (Anthony, 124) has wondered why migration should regarded as the marked phenomenon, and staying put as unmarked, because for particular peoples at particular times to move is an ordinary and expected a thing to do as to remain sedentary. What therefore needed in the Caribbean context, he states, are studies of the cultural system that makes migration meaningful to Caribbean people (Albinia Vera, 3) and the potentially limited social field of reciprocal relations that enable them to migrate. With the long history of population movements into, within, and out of the Caribbean, one can ask, however, what it means to be from the Caribbean or to belong to that category of people called Caribbean. In a critique of tendency of historical anthropology study historical processes in relation to particular localities, Mary Des Chene has raised the question, If ones work concerns that the lives of people who have more commonly been in motion stationary refugees, migrant workers, colonial district officers, academics, and what makes the place where one happens to catch up with them in itself revelatory of that mobility and its means? One might paraphrase this question slightly and ask, If ones work concerns the lives of people who have a long history of movements, what makes the mobility and its meanings? To address this question, it is necessary to examine how this place has been invested with social and cultural meaning and how variously positioned people have done rights. In conclusion this article has focused and explained in detail how most of the narratives of most families reflect a long history of movements that began in the post-emancipation period, when families sought to secure viable, socially accepted, and culturally valued livelihoods, providing respect in the communities with which they identified as to be part of them. The paper explores reasons why the Caribbean offers a particular context in which one can easily study migration due to its geopolitical past. Finally it ends by notifying why some scholars identifying Caribbean as being characterized by migration traditions or migration culture. Bibliography Anthony P. Maingot, Wilfredo Lozano. The United States and the Caribbean. 1994. Bennett, Louise. Anancy Stories and Poems in Dialect. Kingston, Ja: Printed by the Gleanor Co, 1944. Print. Ramesh, Kotti S, and Kandula N. Rani. Claude Mckay: The Literary Identity from Jamaica to Harlem and Beyond. Jefferson, N.C. [u.a.: McFarland Co, 2006. Print

Kefauver-Harris Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kefauver-Harris Amendment - Essay Example 127-128). The communal protest caused by the Thalidomide calamity near the beginning of 1960s hastily directed to the road of new set of laws and an unusual sentiment regarding untried drugs. In an attempt to stop happening one more analogous tragedy at the rear of the Thalidomide mishap, the U.S. Parliament, in 1962, passed the Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendment, ordering austere controls on drug checking, promotion and selling. The edict asserted for the first time that hottest drugs must be made known to be helpful before being advertised. In addition, it proposed stringent regulations for sound engineering practices, the intention being to augment quality control in the manufacturing route. The new codes would step up to transform not only the approach Americans participated in drug experiments but also their anticipations for the safety of drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendment conceded collectively by the Congress to strengthened control over recommended and unproven drugs and to make certain greater drug protection. It was acknowledged that no drug is actually harmless unless it is also effectual. Before publicizing a drug, its manufacturers now had to demonstrate to FDA not just safety, but also provide considerable verification of effectiveness for the product's future utilization -- a milestone proceed in medical record.

Securing America and Protecting Civil Liberties Essay - 1

Securing America and Protecting Civil Liberties - Essay Example The liberties held so dear to the Americans was changed in number of ways where the law enforcements agencies had the right of conducting the searches of the homes and offices without a notice in advance or there were regular monitoring of the computers, email messages and text messages so that the clients can be eaves dropped on and so on. The clash between the civil liberties and the national security had taken place a number of times where the restrictive laws have played an important role to abridge the gap that exists between the two. In response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, on September 14, 2001, Geroge W.Bush declared the state of emergency which gave him the right to invoke his presidential rights passing the Patriot Act which not only centralized the law enforcement powers to the Justice Department, but also gave CIA the oversight of the gathering of the domestic intelligence, and the rights of the citizens and non residents as stated in the constitution were disregarde d. After the terrorist attacks, the Patriot Act has played a very important role where several have debated over how ethical or unethical the Act was. The Department of Justice wanted to do everything possible to ensure that the terrorist attacks in the future can be prevented and therefore Patriot Act in this respect played a very important but at the same time a very controversial role. There were a number of operations carried out so that the Americans could be protected but in the aim of protecting the innocent America, their way of life was put in jeopardy and the true essence of the America life style was lost. It has been debated a couple of times that the first amendment, fourth amendment have been affected and eroded by the USA Patriot Act which gave birth to a large number of legislative changes , where most importantly the investigative powers of the law enforcement agencies was increased. Amendment 1 stated: â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment o f religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† (Bill of Rights and Later Amendments ushistory.org) Amendment 2 stated: â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.† (Bill of Rights and Later Amendments ushistory.org) The American Government made changes to the surveillance laws and gave the law enforcement authorities to not only spy on the citizens but also limit the checks on those powers such as public accountability etc. â€Å"The USA Patriot Act permits seizure of voice mail pursuant to a search warrant , al lows victims of computer trespassing to invite law enforcement to monitor attacks on their computers without needing a court order.† (Etzioni, A., & Marsh, J. H. (2003). Rights vs. public safety after 9/11: America in the age of terrorism. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield) Initially when America declared the war on terrorism, it was

Critical analysis of the associated persons provisions of Part III of Essay

Critical analysis of the associated persons provisions of Part III of the Family Law Act 1996 (in particular section s.62(3)) - Essay Example n is it extends the court’s power to grant non-molestation orders by including a wider group of persons capable of becoming respondents by the inclusion of the term ‘associated person.’ The list of persons caught by Section 62(3) is exhaustive and includes a former or current spouse, a cohabitant or former cohabitant, persons who have merely shared a common household (except by reason of employment benefits or duties, or by reason of a tenancy or some sort), a relation, a fiancà © or former fiancà ©, a person with whom the complainant has had common responsibility for any child or have had a child with or the complainant and the associated person ‘are parties to the same family proceedings (other than proceedings under this part)’.3 Prior to the enactment of the Family Law Act 1996, the definition of a respondent had been more narrowly defined. A claimant had to first discover against whom she could obtain a non-molestation order against and then decide under what statutory provision she could properly utilize for the necessary non-molestation order. Depending on whether the complainant was a cohabitant or spouse the victim of domestic violence could obtain injunctive relief by virtue of three statutory provisions. They were, the Domestic Violence and Matrimonial Proceedings Act 1976, the Domestic Proceedings and Magistrates Courts Act 1978 and the Matrimonial Homes Act 1983.4 The Family Law Act 1996 repeals and replaces those Acts and provides a cohesive remedy for protection against violence within the more liberal definition of the home. Craig Lind observes that the 1996 Act ‘for the first time provides a uniform code of domestic violence remedies available, in the main, in all courts with jurisdiction in family proceedings. It is much more victim and child-centred, concentrating on the harm being suffered within the household, and the remedies available to victims.’5 The 1996 Act followed recommendations made by the Law Commission that the

Developing a Sustained Drug Delivery System

Developing a Sustained Drug Delivery System 1. INTRODUCTION In last few years, Formulations that are able to extend the release of drug have become an integral part of Pharmaceutical research. It is a centre of exploration due to its many benefits over conventional dosage form. Sustained drug delivery system was aimed to release the medication in a prolonged rate. The basic concept of the sustained release dosage form development is to reduce the frequency of dosage administration, to reduce the fluctuations of drug in the plasma by maintain plasma drug level1 thus improves. Various expressions such as sustained-release ,controlled-release, prolonged-action and repeat action have also been used to describe.. Sustained release offers prolonged delivery of drugs and maintenain plasma levels within a therapeutic range, steady-state plasma levels can be maintained without oscillation2,3. The sustained level of the medication was obtained by controlling the plasma blood level and less frequent dosing4 (Lachman et al., 1987). 1.1 Matrix system is classified into 5 types based on Hydrophilic Matrix System and insoluble hydrophobic Inert Matrix system (6-8) 1.1.1 Hydrophobic Matrix tablet In this technique of sustained release from an oral dosage form the drug is mixed with an inert or hydrophobic polymer and then compressed into a tablet. The sustained release is obtained by dissolving drug and was diffused through a network of channels that exist between compacted polymer particles. The materials used as inert or hydrophobic matrices consist of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and ethyl cellulose and ammonia methacrylate copolymers. The rate controlling phase in these formulations is the solvent penetration into the matrix. The possible mechanism of drug release in the hydrophobic matrix tablet was by diffusion. Hydrophobic matrix tablet consist of porous and nonporous matrix systems. 1.1.2 Hydrophilic matrix tablets The drug molecules are combined with the polymer and erode slowly in body fluids. Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose is commonly used polymer in the hydrophilic matrix tablets.It is a simple method and widely accepted due to its desirable global regulatory acceptance, cost effective, flexibility in drug release profile matching and ease of commercial scale-up. The different grades of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose were available for the design of sustained drug delivery system. The viscosity range of the Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose assist in the percentage release rate of drug release. The low viscosity range polymer cause increase in the drug release. The hydrophilic matrix system the mechanism of drug release occurs mainly by diffusion and erosion. In the hydrophilic matrix system the use of cellulosic polymer cause gel formation on the surface of polymer and cause tablet erosion with continuous release of drug. The polymers commonly used in the hydrophilic matrixes are classified into three categories. Cellulose derivatives- hydroxyethylcellulose, Methylcellulose, Hydroxy propylmethylcellulose grades like K4M, K100M, 5cPs, 15cPs and Sodium carboxymethylcellulose. Semi synthetic polymers- Modified starches, Alginates and Chitosan. Acrylic acid Polymers -Carbopol 934 1.1.3. Wax matrix tablets The drugs are embedded into lipid matrix by spray congealing in air and Wax-matrix tablet core consisting of semi-synthetic glycerides and blend congealing in an aqueous media. The congealing process use with or without the aid of surfactants, the wax matrix components are prepared from the blend of powdered ingredients. 1.1.4. Gum type matrix tablets In this type of matrix system the excipients produce gel like consistency in presence of water and the dispersion of the active drug of the tablet was maintained by gel barrier. For example xanthan gum and sodium alginate in water soluble polysaccharides used in gum type matrix systems. appropriate method depends on the properties of the drug, polymer and selection of other ingredients. Many statistical experiments are useful tool to develop sustained release formulation with an optimized formulation with an appropriate dissolution rate with a minimum number of trials. For this reason, a computer based optimization technique with a response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing a polynomial equation and artificial neural network (ANN) has been widely used (Ghosh et al., 2008andBozic et al., 1997). 2.0  KINETICS OF DRUG RELEASE Various mathematical models utilized to interpret the mechanism of the drug release from ER dosage form, with the available dissolution data these release kinetics can be calculated using the model that best fit is selected based on the correlation coefficient (r) value in various models, which gives higher ‘r’ value is considered as the best fit of the release data. The following are the various Release kinetics Cumulative percentage drug released Vs time (In-Vitro drug release plots) Cumulative percentage drug released Vs Square root of time (Higuchi’s plots) Log cumulative percentage drug remaining Vs Time (First order plots) Log cumulative percentage drug released Vs log time (Peppas plots) Calculated regression coefficients for zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas. The best fit model with the highest correlation coefficient. Table No. 3. Analysis of diffusion release mechanisms Release exponent (n) Overall solute diffusion mechanism 0.5 Fickian diffusion 0.5 Non-Fickian diffusion 1.0 Case II transport n > 1.0 Super Case II transport Zero order release is calculated from the following equation Qt = Q0 + K0 t where Q0 = initial amount of drug Qt = cumulative amount of drug release at time â€Å"t† K0 = zero order release constant t = time in hours It describes the systems where the drug release rate is independent of its concentration of the dissolved substance. The first order release equation is calculated from the following equation Log Qt = Log Q0+ Kt /2.303 where Q0 = initial amount of drug Qt = cumulative amount of drug release at time â€Å"t† K = first order release constant t = time in hours Here, the drug release rate depends on its concentration The Hixson Crowell release is calculated from the following equation is Where Q0 = Initial amount of drug Qt = Cumulative amount of drug release at time â€Å"t† KHC = Hixson crowell release constant t = Time in hours. It describes the drug releases by dissolution and with the changes in surface area and diameter of the particles or tablets A linear plot of the cube root of the initial concentration minus the cube root of percent remaining versus time in hours for the dissolution data in accordance with the Hixson-crowell equation. The Higuchi release is calculated from the following equation Q=KHt1/2 where Q = cumulative amount of drug release at time â€Å"t† KH = Higuchi constant t = time in hours The Higuchi equation suggests that the drug release by diffusion. A graph is plotted between the square root of time taken on x-axis and the cumulative percentage of drug release on y-axis and it gives a straight line. Korsmeyer – peppas equation is F = (Mt /M ) = Kmtn Where F = Fraction of drug released at time ‘t’ Mt = Amount of drug released at time ‘t’ M = Total amount of drug in dosage form Km = Kinetic constant n = Diffusion or release exponent t = Time in hours An optimal experimental formulation was compared with the original product, in order to compare the profile of the in vitro release of the drug. 3.0  BIOAVAILABILITY STUDY: Stabilitytesting of Drug products conducted as per ICH conditions the formulations which are stable up to 6M 40 °C/75% RH and 25 °C/60% considered as stable formula taken up for in vivo absorption study. In current scenario in vitro and in vivo performance of the dosage forms is essential part of Product development. The FDA guidelines respecting the IVIVC method evaluation used to set dissolution specifications; which can be applied for surrogate for in vivo bioequivalence for certain pre- or post approval changes, such as Equipment, facility or Manufacturing process changes and minimizes the bioavailability or bioequivalence study after the formulation design optimization The ultimate aim of IVIVC is to select the suitable dissolution method of in vivo absorption of the test compound. In IR tablets the release is more rapid in ER, the excipients also having bio pharmaceutical activity and controls the release within the body. Generally HPMC matrices are biocompatible and do not have enzyme degradation by gastric fluids. For Biovailability study the following Pharmacokinetic parameters to be studied they are Tmax, Cmax and AUC can be evaluated via Plasma or Urine data. Pharmacokinetic assessment the plasma drug concentrations determined by HPLC analysis. Drug extracted from plasma sample by liquid-liquid extraction method, To study the rate and extent of absorption of Cilostazol and Etodolac extended release matrix tablets 100 with that of 100 mg reference(R) conventional marketed formulations and IR tablets The research study was performed in rabbit model to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and then for IVIVC studies. The simple HPLC method used to evaluate to determine the drug content in plasma, the in-vitro studies shows the release pattern is slow first order, For Cilostazol the overall Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, Kel and T1/2 were completely different between both test and reference formulation (IR). Therefore the prepared formulation was releasing the drug for a prolonged period of time In case of Etodolac the Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, Kel and T1/2 were completely comparable with the reference product; therefore the prepared formulation was releasing the drug for a prolonged period of time and bioequivalent with reference product.

The Theory of Chaos :: science

The Theory of Chaos Where Chaos begins, classical science ends. Ever since physicists have inquired into the laws of nature, the have not begun to explore irregular side of nature, the erratic and discontinuous side, that have always puzzled scientists. They did not attempt to understand disorder in the atmosphere, the turbulent sea, the oscillations of the heart and brain, and the fluctuations of wildlife populations. All of these things were taken for granted until in the 1970's some American and European scientists began to investigate the randomness of nature. They were physicists, biologists, chemists and mathematicians but they were all seeking one thing: connections between different kinds of irregularity. "Physiologists found a surprising order in the chaos that develops in the human heart, the prime cause of a sudden, unexplained death. Ecologists explored the rise and fall of gypsy moth populations. Economists dug out old stock price data and tried a new kind of analysis. The insights that emerged led directly into the natural world- the shapes of clouds, the paths of lightning, the microscopic intertwining of blood vessels, the galactic clustering of stars." (Gleick, 1987) The man most responsible for coming up with the Chaos theory was Mitchell Feigenbaum, who was one of a handful of scientists at Los Alamos, New Mexico when he first started thinking about Chaos. Feigenbaum was a little known scientist from New York, with only one published work to his name. He was working on nothing very important, like quasi periodicity, in which he and only he had 26 hour days instead of the usual 24. He gave that up because he could not bear to wake up to setting sun, which happened periodically. He spent most of time watching clouds from the hiking trails above the laboratory. To him could represented a side of nature that the mainstream of physics had passed by, a side that was fuzzy and detailed, and structured yet unpredictable. He thought about these things quietly, without producing any work. After he started looking, chaos seemed to be everywhere. A flag snaps back and forth in the wind. A dripping faucet changes from a steady pattern to a random one. A rising column of smoke disappears into random swirls. "Chaos breaks across the lines that separate scientific disciplines. Because it is a science of the global nature of systems, it has brought together thinkers from fields that have been widely separated. The Theory of Chaos :: science The Theory of Chaos Where Chaos begins, classical science ends. Ever since physicists have inquired into the laws of nature, the have not begun to explore irregular side of nature, the erratic and discontinuous side, that have always puzzled scientists. They did not attempt to understand disorder in the atmosphere, the turbulent sea, the oscillations of the heart and brain, and the fluctuations of wildlife populations. All of these things were taken for granted until in the 1970's some American and European scientists began to investigate the randomness of nature. They were physicists, biologists, chemists and mathematicians but they were all seeking one thing: connections between different kinds of irregularity. "Physiologists found a surprising order in the chaos that develops in the human heart, the prime cause of a sudden, unexplained death. Ecologists explored the rise and fall of gypsy moth populations. Economists dug out old stock price data and tried a new kind of analysis. The insights that emerged led directly into the natural world- the shapes of clouds, the paths of lightning, the microscopic intertwining of blood vessels, the galactic clustering of stars." (Gleick, 1987) The man most responsible for coming up with the Chaos theory was Mitchell Feigenbaum, who was one of a handful of scientists at Los Alamos, New Mexico when he first started thinking about Chaos. Feigenbaum was a little known scientist from New York, with only one published work to his name. He was working on nothing very important, like quasi periodicity, in which he and only he had 26 hour days instead of the usual 24. He gave that up because he could not bear to wake up to setting sun, which happened periodically. He spent most of time watching clouds from the hiking trails above the laboratory. To him could represented a side of nature that the mainstream of physics had passed by, a side that was fuzzy and detailed, and structured yet unpredictable. He thought about these things quietly, without producing any work. After he started looking, chaos seemed to be everywhere. A flag snaps back and forth in the wind. A dripping faucet changes from a steady pattern to a random one. A rising column of smoke disappears into random swirls. "Chaos breaks across the lines that separate scientific disciplines. Because it is a science of the global nature of systems, it has brought together thinkers from fields that have been widely separated.

Advertising Strategy of Coca-Cola

What is advertisement? Advertisement is Paid, non-personal, public communication about causes, goods and services, ideas, organizations, people, and places, through means such as direct mail, telephone, print, radio, television, and internet. Objective of advertisement are to inform, persuade and motivate potential customers, but also has a strategic significance for the company’s image in whole or brand the product belongs. Advertisement strategies are varying among the regions. The types of advertisement used in a region are depending on its culture, norms, religion, tradition and language.The advertisement that are used in Western and Asia is very different in every aspect. I will take Coca-Cola to compare strategies of advertisement that have been used in western and Asia. In Asian countries Coca-Cola’s strategy is mostly depend on entertainment and youths. But in Western countries the strategy is a bit different. They try to promote the drink is healthy and safe to drink. Even Coca-Cola has introduced Diet Coke to attract people in Western country. The Western people more take care about their health compare to Asians.So they have to show the drink is suitable for a healthy lifestyle. Another important aspect of Coca-Cola Company’s advertisement in Western countries is they like to use woman and sex element. Most of their advertisements are with sexy ladies who are models or actresses holding the drink or holding it in their hand. In Western countries it is very normal to promote a product in this way. But in Asian countries it is very hard to do such advertisement because most countries have strict regulations and very religious.Asian countries give importance to cultural values and they are against sex elements in advertisement. Coca-Cola’s advertisement in Asian countries gives importance to youths and youngsters. They advertisement normally shows that they will get new energy after drink it. They will so energetic and can do things without getting tired. But in Western countries they give importance to all. Even they use children also in advertisement to attract them to drink Coca-Cola. The company give equal importance to adults also.The Coca-Cola’s advertisement in Asia also gives importance to Asian festivals and celebration. For every festival and celebration like Chinese New Year, Independence Day, Christmas and so on Coca-Cola will introduce new advertisement to promote their product. Sometimes they insert the cultural values in these advertisements. But in Western countries the situation is very different. Cultural values of Asians and Western people are very different. So large companies like Coca-Cola have to differentiate their advertisement according to region to survive and lead the market.

Decleration of Independence essays

Decleration of Independence essays Rafi Jacobs A.P. American History Report About two months ago I still thought that the Declaration of Independence was something written a few hundred years ago, and was very famous, but had no real historical value. I just thought it was a nice thing, and after it became famous was adapted as a work of art. And to be honest I didnt even know what signifagance it had and how much it really did for out country. But after reading the Declaration of Independence, by Carl Becker, I found out what it really meant. In this report I will not only prove that I read the book, but show what affect it had on our country, the independent Unites States of America. Actually, the decleration wasn't even the officiol act of seperation from Great Britian. That was done on June 7th, 1776, when Richard Henry Lee, on behalf of the Virginia Delegation made three resolutions, one that declared the United Sttes should be free and indipendent states, and there should be no connection between them and Great Britain. It was voted in on July 2nd, 1776. However, on the 10th of June in when they decided they should write a decleration of indipendence, and they appointed Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston. At first Thomas Jefferson ask John Adams if he could write it. He replied "First, you are a Virginian, ought to be in charge of buissness, next I am obnoxious, suspected, and unpopular, reason number three, you are a ten times better writer, Mr. Jefferson." When writing this document, they had to be careful not to do a few things. First, they didn't want this to sound like a rebellion. They tried to make it sound like it was a moral and justified thing to do. The goal was to make this rebellion a justified act. Rebelling against a king is seriose. So they had to be careful. They couldn't just make this against their own king of Britian, instead they wanted it to ...

Rich Dad Poor Dad by Robert Kiyosaki

Rich Dad Poor Dad by Robert Kiyosaki Free Online Research Papers Abstract Financial Literacy is something that isn’t commonly taught to people and Kiyosaki believes is it the single most important thing for young people to learn. The biggest difference between the rich and the poor is that the rich let money work for them and the poor work for money. In my paper I will explain how important it is for you to become financially literate and let money work for you. You have to get out of the Rat Race and join the few that are actually financially successful. You say how is it possible to allow money to work for you? Well I will show you how the rich and poor balance their assets and liabilities against their income, the history of taxes and corporations, how the rich actually invent money, how to manage cash flow, systems and people, and why it important to work to learn not just for money. Are you really preparing your children for the real world? Many parents tell their children to study hard, make good grades and you will find a high paying job and make lots of money. Truth is that no amount of school can really be helpful without financial literacy with it. There is a definite difference between what the rich teach their children verse the poor. In my paper I will explain the differences and why it’s so important. First you have to discover a way to live on the â€Å"Right Side of the Street†. You have to ultimately make the decision of whether or not you want to be rich or poor. Then realize that different lifestyles create bad habits and barriers. Also, you have to discover and learn about the laws that govern making money. When you have figured out these contrasting ideas you are well on your way to being on the â€Å"Right Side of the Street†. The â€Å"Right Side of the Street†, isn’t necessarily being either rich or poor, it’s learning the literacy of finances and letting money work for you rather than you work for money. One difference between the rich and poor is that the poor and middle class work for money whereas the rich do not. They are passionate, driven and energetic about making money work for them almost downright greedy. The biggest challenge the poor and middle class have is fear, fear keeps them from letting money do the work, because they have bills to pay and you have to work to pay bills right? Wrong! Rich dad teaches that money always works for you. He makes you work for no money to teach you that. Always pay yourself first and see what opportunities others miss out on. Poor dad teaches you to work for money and to pay everyone else first (taxes). The middle class should have found some happy medium, but all they teach is when your income or assets go up then so should your liabilities, this is even worse. It creates a higher more dangerous amount of debt. I bet your wondering how to let money work for you when all you know is how to work for money. Well its simple really, learn how money works. The school system doesn’t teach how money works, and most â€Å"educated† people don’t know how it works either. You have to start with the basics of money management and the differences between assets, liability and income. Then you have to sacrifice it all, not let fear hold you back and go for it. Sometimes you may fail, but we learn mostly by mistakes and can only grow from them. An Asset is what puts the money in your pocket. There are three types of assets paper, real-estate and businesses. Along with that are three types of income Portfolio income, passive income and earned income. Portfolio income is derived from paper assets like stocks, bonds, mutual funds and insurance and is the easiest to manage. Passive income is derived from real-estate or royalties from patents. Earned income is derived from paychecks and is the most highly taxed type. With everyone there is a cash-flow pattern and this determines whether or not you are on the â€Å"Right Side of the Street†. The poor spend every penny and have no assets only liabilities. The Middle class had an increase in income and so does their spending creating more liabilities. The Rich let their assets pay for themselves; they have control over their expenses and usually have little or no personal liabilities. Be about the business of building assets and having no liabilities. Your business should revolve entirely around your asset column and not your income column. Many owners of a business own more than one business, because they use their assets to buy other assets not just use them on personal liabilities. Key goals to remember is to be a good leader have a mission and work as a team. In a business you must be savvy about the product you’re selling and endorse it well. Communication is also one of the biggest contributing factors in running a reputable business. Also, always follow the legal rules of the business and never cut corners. Your business will grow and in turn buy you many more assets. Taxes are a tricky thing; we are taxed when we work for money and when we buy things. They were originally designed to generate government income from the rich. Like I said earlier, the rich are greedy and financially smart and they found ways to make loopholes in the tax laws and in turn the government began taxing everyone. One thing about the rich is that they will always find a way to pay them first and everyone else second. The power of a corporation is a great thing; it protects your assets from the government. When people own corporations, they earn, spend and then pay taxes. People who work for corporations earn, pay taxes and then spend. See the difference. You have to learn to invent money because working for it will never get you anywhere. You have to have financial literacy, investment strategies and learn how to work the market of supply and demand. Find out what people want/need and get it to them. Make assets for yourself. Don’t let fear be your guide in the Rat Race forever. Learn how to accept and deal with change. You have to know the financial skills for success; the management of people, the management of systems, and the management of cash-flow. With these tools you will be able to succeed and become better at building your assets to sustain you rather than your liabilities you have to maintain. In conclusion the rich don’t work for money. You have to become financially literate like I have said a thousand times and figure out the way money works and let it work for you. Mind your own business and build it with ethics and honesty, let it buy you more assets. You must study the tax laws and let the tax laws of corporations be your shelter. Invent money, work to learn not work for money. 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BlackBerry company fail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BlackBerry company fail - Essay Example Blackberry, the Ontario-based smartphone company, had opportunities to survive and adapt but it took the wrong direction. U.S President Barack Obama was quoted saying that one of the things he was addicted to was his BlackBerry. One of his reasons was that the phone had advanced security features (Herman, Hadlaw and Swiss, 2014). The company was started in 1984 by engineering students Mike Lazaridis and Douglas Fregin and was for a long time a global leader in communication products. This was until it failed to see the impact of the iPhone, became blind to competition (especially from cheaper Asian rivals), and delayed in launching new phones. Despite being named by Fortune magazine in 2009 as the world’s fastest growing company, BlackBerry dropped a plan to be acquired for $4.7 billion and laid off its chief executive. This is in contrast to Apple, where Steve Jobs managed to turn it round through adaptability after being 90 days from the verge of bankruptcy in 1997 (Kint, 2014). Success and failure in the technology business are rarely predictable. BlackBerry had an obvious lead in the market, and its managers discussed various ways of coming out of the predicament but in the end they made the wrong choices (Rao and Klein, 2013). Basically, they did not fail to adapt, but they made the wrong adaptations. Long time survival is about making the right adaptations. In the book Adapt: Why Success Always Starts with Failure, Financial Time’s columnist Tim Harford stated that, â€Å"success comes through rapidly fixing our mistakes rather than getting things right the first time† (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2014). The Globe and Mail of Friday 27th September 2013 investigative report revealed that Verizon asked Blackberry to create a touch screen but the result was a failure leading Verizon to turn to Motorola and Google (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2014). In 2012 BlackBerry’s CEO Jim Balsillie quit the

Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions - Essay Example Natural disasters have blanketed the world in the recent years. Every year, many areas are flooded with water which is a potential threat to the life of animals and humans. Many people lose their lives in tsunamis. Glaciers that are melting away are depriving many animal species of their habitat. Glaciers are the primary source of food and shelter for polar bears. The rate at which glaciers are melting away presently will soon make the polar bears extinct from Earth completely. Also, thousands of cattle are drowned in floods whenever they occur. In addition to that, many people die of severe heat in the summer season every year because every summer season is getting much hotter than the preceding one. Air pollution has made people acquire many diseases. Thus, global warming is a big threat to life on Earth in many ways. Increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is the fundamental cause of global warming. CO2 is the fundamental greenhouse gas that causes the temperature to rise. In order to reduce the global warming, it is imperative that level of CO2 emissions is reduced. Two-thirds of the total electricity in the world is produced from fossil fuels which, along with doing this job, make one-third of the total CO2 emission in the world. Along with CO2, many other greenhouse gases are also produced from the fossil fuels that include but are not limited to methane and CO. Nature has blessed us with trees that consume CO2 to produce oxygen, but the sad part of the story is that trees are also decreasing in number with every passing day as more products are being made of wood. It takes much more time for a tree to grow than the rate at which they are being cut. As a result of this, the fundamental source of consumption of CO2 and reduction of its level in the atmosphere is readily vanishing. Thus, the level of CO2 in the atmosphere is increasing. Owing to the dreadful consequences of the increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere as dis cussed above, there is dire need to reduce its level. In order to make the world a habitable place for the future generations, measures need to be taken before it is too late. This can fundamentally be achieved by reducing the emission of CO2 which requires a combined effort from all countries. Technologies to reduce CO2 emissions: In order to reduce the CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, the first and foremost step that needs to be taken is the introduction of renewable energy in the transport sector. There is dire need to integrate the transport sector into the energy system in order to obtain maximum effect. CO2 emissions can be reduced in a lot of ways by controlling the transportation on land, sea and air. With every passing day, more and more cars are crowding the streets all over the world. The cars can be made quite fuel efficient in the least time. In order to solve the global energy system, the electric cars can be charged with the help of wind turbines. This would be a long term solution of the problem. Hydrogen can be used in place of fuel to drive the electric cars. Another way to reduce the CO2 emissions is by way of road charges. There is need to determine alternatives to the conventional sources of fuel so as to minimize the effect of supply shortages on the transport activities. Diesel engines have conventionally been made use of for the transportation on highways, though they release a lot of CO2 into the atmosphere. It